|
Mille Roches is an underwater ghost town in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of Ontario's Lost Villages, which were permanently flooded by the creation of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1958. Families and businesses in Mille Roches were moved to the new town of Long Sault before the seaway construction commenced. Mille Roches was the birthplace of Levi Addison Ault, who moved to Cincinnati, Ohio as an adult and became a successful businessman and the city's commissioner of parks in the early 1900s. Ault also donated a large parcel of family-owned land on Sheek's Island, which became Ault Park. ==Ethnic History of Milles Roches and the Region== Eastern Ontario was always a highway or corridor through which people moved, a corridor used by migration and conquest. Prior to European colonization, the Mohawks and Six Nations Iroquois settled and raided through the St. Lawrence valley. The French and British fought over the waterway, and after the American revolution, in 1812-14 it became a battleground between Americans and Canadians. It remained a home for refugees and migrants looking to escape authorities or find safe haven from overseas conflicts. Early settlement is largely undocumented, though oral histories and early accounts suggest that settlers, traders and farmers existed in the area long before formal recognition. The post-contact regional population was a mixture of French Canadian, Ojibwe and Mohawk residents. To this was added an influx of American English loyalists and refugees from the Thirteen Colonies (now the United States), French Canadian and Acadian migrants, and later, poor Scottish and Irish immigrants and refugees. These different groups mixed and integrated over time, with family names and histories reflecting a blending of different backgrounds that was typical of Eastern Ontario.〔http://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/60871.pdf〕〔http://www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca/summary/english.htm〕 Smaller but impressive contributions in the region were made by everyone from Jewish traders, craftsmen and merchants to former slaves. John Baker, who died in 1871 at the age of 93, and was said to be the last Canadian born into slavery.〔http://my.tbaytel.net/bmartin/jbaker.htm〕 Slavery was ended in the colony of Upper Canada in stages, beginning in 1793 when importing slaves was banned and culminating in 1819, when Upper Canada Attorney-General John Robinson declared any slaves living in Canada free. Most of these former slaves settled and integrated into the same communities where they were freed. By 1833, all slaves in the British were free. This was the first major power in world history to abolish slavery.〔http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/slavery-abolition-act-1833/〕〔Abolition of slavery timeline〕 The aftermath of the American Revolution resulted in the formal division of Upper and Lower Canada (later, Ontario and Quebec) to accommodate loyalists fleeing persecution in the new United States, and distribution of land throughout Southern Ontario brought major change to Eastern Ontario. Cornwall and the surrounding area, originally called "Royal Township #2" and "Johnstown", was a rough place, and bred a local culture of self-reliance. Milles Roches' settlers and residents were integrated into a tightly-knit region after the Loyalist arrival, with Cornwall as its economic centre. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mille Roches, Ontario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|